The Problem of Life, Literature and Art

      The topic of the present text is focused on the construction of the works of two modern authors of the first half of the 20th century, who lived and worked in England - Virginia Woolf and John Ronald Reuel Tolkien through the prism of several aspects of F. de Saussure's theory of language. The text does not claim to cover absolutely all possible fields of research, which such a title implies, but to emphasize individual examples, examining two different approaches of (re)constructing worlds, through the act of writing and the specifics of artistic speech.

The research compares the results of two diploma projects - topics and approaches that are related to certain aspects of Ferdinand de Saussure's theory of language.

      The research method is comparative, and the approaches are literary, historical, linguistic, biographical, anthropological, philosophical, etc. The aim is to examine the similarities and differences in ideas and ways of thinking, under the influence of the time in which the authors lived and worked.

      At the end of the 1920s, beginning in the 1930s in England are ideological and moral disputes between the writers of the "Inklings": W. Lewis, C. Williams, J. R.  R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, R. Campbell, etc., aiming at the attainment of Christ in university life[i] and the writers of the "Bloomsbury" - Leonard Woolf,  V. Woolf, L. Strachey, A. Bell, V. Sackville-West et al. The reason for this is a former love affair between Vita Sackville-West and Roy Campbell's wife Mary[ii], and the scandalous statements of W. Lewis regarding the work of  V. Woolf.

Knowing such problems, V. Woolf introduces them, experimenting in her work. On the one side, these are topics from the author's time, and on the other side, these topics and problems are affected in one way or another in the work of more than one author, historian, or philosopher throughout antiquity. At the end of the 19th and beginning in the 20th century, archaeologists such as Arthur Evans and Heinrich Schliemann made their great discoveries in Troy and Crete. After their discoveries, archaeologists come across more and more artifacts - figurines or inscribed ceramic vessels with certain scenes, confirming these characteristic features of the culture and daily life of the ancient Greeks, in addition to what is already known. And it is known that more and more authors in the era of modernism had the desire to enter the